Preparation and properties of chitosan/acidified attapulgite composite proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications

A composite proton exchange membrane chitosan (CS)/attapulgite (ATP) was prepared with the organic–inorganic compounding of ATP and CS. The composite membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The mechanical properties, thermal stability, water uptake, and proton conductivity of the composite membranes were fully investigated. The composite membranes exhibited an enhanced mechanical property, dimensional and thermal stability compared to CS membrane, owing to the interface interaction between ATP and CS. The maximum tensile strength of 53.1 MPa and decomposition temperature of 223.4°C was obtained, respectively. More importantly, the proton conductivity of the composite membrane is also enhanced, the composite membrane with 4 wt% ATP content (CS/ATP-4) exhibited the highest proton conductivity of 26.2 mS cm⁻¹ at 80°C with 100% relative humidity, which is 25.1% higher than pure CS membrane. These results may explore a simple and green strategy to prepare CS-based PEMs, which have a great potential in the application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.     

赤泥资源化综合利用研究进展

赤泥作为氧化铝工业产生的一种高碱性废渣,其巨大的产生量、存量和污染性多年来对环境产生了极大的影响;总结认为赤泥富含多种金属元素,丰富的硅酸盐组分,具有良好的力学性能,是赤泥能被广泛利用的原因,目前资源化利用成为赤泥回收的一条重要途径.通过分类阐述近年来国内外赤泥领域的研究进展,系统梳理了赤泥资源化利用过程中存在的问题和不足,为今后学者在相关研究提供参考.     

MAPP/EAA处理对聚丙烯/小麦秸秆粉复合材料性能的影响

研究了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（MAPP）、乙烯丙烯酸共聚物（EAA）处理对聚丙烯（PP） /小麦秸秆粉（WSP）复合材料性能的影响。结果表明，随着体系中MAPP质量份数的增加，PP/WSP的拉伸强度和弯曲强度均逐渐增大，但冲击强度却先增加后减小，复合材料达到塑化峰的时间逐渐延长；使用EAA后，无论体系中是否已经使用了MAPP，PP/WSP的拉伸、弯曲和冲击强度均可得以提高，特别对于未使用MAPP的体系，效果更加明显，可分别提高65.04 %、45.42 %和6.75 %，储能模量增加，表面疏水性增强，平衡扭矩从13.9 N·m降至11.8 N·m，吸水尺寸变化率及吸水率下降，吸水平衡时间缩短；使用EAA可改善PP/WSP中WSP与PP间的界面结合，改善PP/WSP力学性能、热稳定性能、表面疏水性能、尺寸稳定性能和加工性能，降低其吸水率。     

煤田地震勘探中多井组合爆炸法浅析

地震勘探中炸药作为激发震源的激发条件多样,采用有效的震源激发方式,才能取得高信噪比的地震原始数据。本文依据有关爆破原理,理论结合实践经验,提出在厚黄土区采用多井组合的激发方式,能有效压制噪声,增强性噪比,提高数据质量。     

Effect of chlorination and fluorination of benzothiadiazole on the performance of polymer solar cells

In order to explore the effects of chlorine and fluorine on photophysical properties and the differences, in this work, we synthesized five new polymers, P1 – P5 , in which benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b]dithiophene as the electron donating and benzothiadiazole as electron withdrawing. Analysis of these five polymers showed that the introduction of Cl and F atoms can deeper the highest occupied molecular orbital of these polymers and enhance the absorption of light by the species, thereby improving V_oc and J_sc. Chlorination has a stronger ability to reduce energy levels and broaden the absorption spectrum compared to fluorination. Among them, P2 showed an efficiency of 4.08% with J_sc of 11.28 mA/cm², V_oc of 0.79 V, and fill factor (FF) of 0.45. Since chlorination is easier than fluorination in terms of synthesis, it is advantageous for practical applications. Therefore, we think that chlorination should not be ignored when designing high efficiency photovoltaic materials, especially when their fluorinated counterparts have proven to have good properties.     

采用绝热式自燃测试方法分析煤的自燃倾向

对煤的自燃倾向进行快速有效鉴别,有助于对煤的自燃倾向采取分级分类管理从而有效防治煤矿火灾,因而采用绝热式自燃测试方法对煤的自燃倾向进行准确分析很有必要。简要介绍绝热式自燃测试方法的测试原理及其仪器结构,模拟煤炭自燃的物理过程,通过采用包括反应器、气体预热铜管和跟踪温度控制方式等综合绝热措施以实现300 g煤样的自然发火实验,记录煤样从40℃上升到70℃的升温速率(或前30 h的升温速率),测试煤样的自燃特性曲线并分析曲线特征。即建立煤绝热氧化产热速率计算模型,结合实验数据计算所得的煤在绝热氧化条件下的升温速率和产热速率可鉴定煤自燃倾向性的强弱。采用绝热式自燃测试方法对不同煤的自燃倾向分析后表明,无烟煤和部分烟煤的自燃倾向较低,褐煤的自燃倾向较高,故而在煤矿开采时需特别注意褐煤的自燃倾向。     

白藜芦醇丙烯酸酯的合成及抗氧化活性研究

以白藜芦醇为先导化合物,合成了白藜芦醇丙烯酸酯,以获得具有更好抗氧化活性的白藜芦醇衍生物。以白藜芦醇和丙烯酰氯为原料,酯化法得到白藜芦醇丙烯酸酯。以维生素C为阳性对照,研究白藜芦醇丙烯酸酯对2,2-联苯-1-苯基肼(DPPH)自由基的清除活性和抗氧化活性。用NMR和HRLC-MS对白藜芦醇丙烯酸酯进行了表征。目标产物白藜芦醇丙烯酸酯收率为30.2%。白藜芦醇丙烯酸酯的抗氧化活性高于白藜芦醇,但低于维生素C。合成得到了白藜芦醇丙烯酸酯,其反应路线简单易行,条件温和,产物抗氧化活性较先导化合物有所提高。     

Self-activated persistent luminescence from Ba2Zr2Si3O12 for information storage

Till now, many doped persistent luminescence (PersL) phosphors have been investigated and found various applications in such as bioimaging, photocatalysis and information storage, but introducing PersL emitters into a proper host is mostly complex. In this research, a self-activated PersL phosphor Ba₂Zr₂Si₃O₁₂ (BZSO) is prepared by solid state reaction. By adding NH₄Cl, the self-activated PersL intensity is evidently enhanced. The trap depths and concentrations are examined by thermoluminescence spectra. Meanwhile, Bi³⁺ ions are introduced into BZSO and show wide band photoluminescence (PL) from 300 to 600 nm. Moreover, the PL of Bi³⁺ is tunable under excitation by 265-350 nm lights. Furthermore, as a proof-of-concept design, we designed a patterned quick response (QR) code based on the self-activated PersL of BZSO, and the information of “South China University of Technology (SCUT)” can be read out by the code scanning technology. Bi³⁺-doped BZSO phosphors are suggested to provide potential applications in information storage by its self-activated PersL, and to excite researchers to study the tunable PL in Bi³⁺-doped phosphor.